PENILAIAN KETAHANAN TANAMAN AROMATIK TERHADAP LOGAM BERAT KADMIUM MELALUI ANALISA PERTUMBUHAN
Abstract
Kontaminasi tanah pertanian dengan logam berat beracun dapat memengaruhi produktivitas dan keamanan tanaman sebagai tanaman pangan dan pakan, dan hal ini menjadi masalah lingkungan yang berat. Tanaman yang tahan logam berat dan aman diperlukan dalam fitoremediasi, antara lain tanaman aromatik karena tanaman tersebut bukan tanaman makanan dan pakan. Dalam hal ini perlu dilakukan penelitian guna menilai ketahanannya terhadap kadmium melalui analisa pertumbuhannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAK faktorial; faktor I: jenis tanaman aromatik {T1 = akar wangi (Vetiveria zizanioides), T2 = serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus), T3 = serai (Cymbopogon citratus), T4 = nilam (Pogostemon cablin), T5 = ruku-ruku (Ocimum tenuiflorum)}. Faktor II: konsentrasi logam berat Cd (K0= 0 ppm, K1= 85 ppm, K2= 170 ppm, K3= 255 ppm, K4= 340 ppm) dimana setiap perlakuan dibuat dalam 3 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah volume akar, berat basah akar dan berat basah tajuk. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics 20, perlakuan yang menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap peubah yang diamati dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT pada taraf kepercayaan 5%. Selanjutnya dilakukan penghitungan persentase selisih data antara yang ditanam dengan Cd dan tanpa Cd. Dari hasil pengujian sidik ragam, faktor konsentrasi kadmium tidak memberi pengaruh kepada semua parameter. Tanaman serai wangi menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang tertinggi memlalui volume akar, berat basah akar dan berat basah tajuk namun untuk volume akar tidak berbeda dengan serai dan akar wangi. Akar wangi dan ruku-ruku pertumbuhannya secara konsisten lebih tinggi pada semua parameter yang diamati di bawah Cd dibanding tanpa Cd. Tanaman akar wangi, serai wangi, serai dan ruku-ruku dapat dijadikan alat fitoremediasi pada suatu kawasan yang tercemar logam berat kadmium.
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